Category: News
Place-Names Derivation – LLAN
THE DERIVATION AND MEANING OF PLACE-NAMES
We’ll now look at some common elements in Welsh Place-names.
LLAN
The most common element by far in Welsh place-names is the word ‘llan’. If you were to look at a book of place-names, you would see that there are over 400 places in Wales which begin with the element ‘Llan’ – an incredible number, I’m sure you’ll agree, in a country the size of Wales!
The original meaning of ‘llan’ was an enclosed piece of land on which produce was grown. It is derived from the Brythonic word ‘llann’ and the earlier Celtic form ‘landa’. By the 12th Century it had developed to mean an enclosed piece of consecrated land – often surrounding a religious building. It developed further to convey the extended land around a religious building – much like a small parish. Nowadays, the word ‘llan’ refers to the religious building itself – the church. You’ll also find many place-names containing this element in Scotland, Cumbria, Cornwall, Brittany and over Offa’s Dyke, in Herefordshire for example – evidence of the widespread existence of the Celtic language.
In most of the ‘llan’ place-names, this element precedes the name of the saint to whom the church is dedicated. It is a feminine noun and the rules of Welsh grammar dictate that words following a feminine noun will undergo a Soft Mutation – i.e. the initial consonant softens. We see this phenomenon in such place-names as Llandudno (Tudno), Llanberis (Peris), Llangadog (Cadog), Llangollen (Collen), Llandeilo (Teilo).
Only 9 consonants undergo this softening – all others are used in their original form Llanisien (Nisien), Llansadwrn (Sadwrn), Llanidloes (Idloes), Llanelli (Elli).
Not all ‘llan’ place-names include a saint’s name. As there are so many places in Wales based on this element, it can be useful to include a geographical element – as in Llandaf (on the river Taf), Llangefni (on the river Cefni), Llanfaes (in a ‘maes’ – meadow), Llangoed (in the ‘coed’ – wood), Llanuwchllyn (uwch – above, llyn – lake), Llanfynydd (on a ‘mynydd’ mountain), Llangwm (in a ‘cwm’ – valley).
Some names include a number rather than the name of one saint – Llantrisant (three saints), Llanddeusant (two saints), Llanpumpsaint (five saints).
The next time you’re travelling around Wales perhaps you can work out the meaning of the ‘llan’ villages through which you drive.
Next month: Aber, Bryn, Cwm, Pont.
Ann M. Jones
More Tornadoes Per Square Mile In Britain
THERE ARE MORE TORNADOES PER SQUARE MILE IN BRITAIN THAN IN THE USA !
While the stormy weather has been a major talking point in the village so far in 2023, we can at least be thankful that we have been spared the more devastating weather events witnessed in the past. A good example is the tornado which swept through South Wales in 1913.
In fact, although we might imagine them to be incredibly unusual weather events, tornadoes are more common in the UK than you might think. On average we can expect 33 every year. Thankfully they are usually nowhere near as destructive as those in the USA. We are also better prepared than we were in days gone by. The Vale has an official project plan aimed at preparation for the impact of climate change and the ever increasing risk of flooding in many of our communities. As a lead Local Flood Authority, the Vale has a statutory duty to investigate, log and report all instances of flooding. Fortunately for us, the Vale has also been proactive in dealing with the impact of the stormy weather, sending a team to deal with the recent flooding on the Old Port Road.
Such planning had not unfortunately taken place when one of the most devastating weather events hit South Wales on October 27th,1913. Just days after hundreds of miners were killed in Britain’s worst mining disaster at Senghenydd, a tornado struck large parts of South Wales, causing widespread devastation. The Met Office confirmed that the tornado was the same power and severity of those more regularly experienced across the Atlantic in the United States. The South Wales event was in fact a “moderately devastating tornado” (T6 on the TORRO scale) which means that the winds were, at its worse, in excess of 160 mph.
A tornado is defined as a violently-rotating column of air which spins around and upwards, similar to the action of a cork being pulled from a wine bottle. The 1913 tornado began over Devon in the mid-afternoon, as warm air from the Mediterranean struck a cold front blowing down from Iceland. As it progressed, it swept 11 miles through areas such as Trefforest, Pontypridd, Cilfynydd and Abercynon. The impact seems to have peaked at Edwardsville. There, the English Congregational Chapel was wrecked and the pews swept against the west wall. Nearby, a hayrick weighing several tons was carried for a mile and, near Pontypridd, half a ton of brick chimney was carried several hundred yards.
During the tornado six people lost their lives. One of those killed was Francis Woolford, of Edwardsville, captain of Ton Pentre football club, after being transferred from Swindon FC for £25. Woolford , and the trainer, Walter Breeze, were walking to the station on their way home and were a short distance ahead of the rest of the team. Woolford was dashed against a wall, fracturing his skull, while Breeze was lucky enough to get away with a broken rib. Another fatality, Thomas John Harries, a 52 year old miner from Cilfynydd was thrown 300 yards by the winds and was found the next morning in a nearby field. He left a wife and three children. As well as the lives lost and the scores injured there was extensive damage to property estimated to be equivalent to around £3million today. Worse still, a few days later the insurers refused to pay out, presumably because the tornado was considered an act of God.
An Unexpected Night With The Ayatollah Khomeini
AN UNEXPECTED NIGHT WITH THE AYATOLLAH KHOMEINI
I woke up on a bunk bed in a concrete shack in Chelgerd, a small town in south-west Iran. We were a group of British ski mountaineers who were training in the Zagros mountains for a ski ascent of Damavand the highest mountain in Iran with a summit at 5610 metres, quite a lot higher than Mont Blanc at 4810 metres.
We were down south to get fit and acclimatised for the attempt on Damavand the following week. The Zagros mountains extend over one thousand miles and are an effective border between Iraq and Iran – or historically between the Ottoman and Persian empires. Alas, the mighty Persia was rather run down in 2002 as the country was still suffering economically after the Islamic Revolution of 1979. So, the ski resort we found ourselves in was very run down with horrendous roads, broken down ski lifts of 1950s vintage, and poor communications.
None of this was in my mind as I stumbled out of bed to find breakfast. This was not difficult as we were now following local customs and breakfast was laid out on a large white sheet on the floor at the end of the bunk beds in the small common area we shared. We tucked into a modest meal of naan bread, soft cheese, jam and tea. Soon we were outside with our rucksacks and clipping into our mountain skis. We were going to climb up to a high hut at Chal Mishan, 3850 metres, to spend the night and off we went. The hut was deserted so we had some porters who were engaged to carry our food and cooking equipment up the mountain. They were on foot in the deep snow which made progress very difficult for them.
After a couple of hours of steep ascent on ski, using skins under our skis for traction, I found that the wet snow was sticking to the base of my skis which stopped them gliding along. So, I did the standard thing which was to continually bash the ski with my stick to dislodge the snow. Unfortunately, my stick suddenly broke and was useless, which is not ideal on a high mountain. By this time, it was snowing hard and with a strong wind. The group pulled up together for a chat about the conditions and we felt that it would be dangerous to go on, so we agreed to take our skins off our skis and ski back to the base camp. We were all relieved to be skiing down now, but after just a couple of turns I was hit hard by a wall of snow that appeared over my left shoulder – it was a serious avalanche. I was rolled over and over again and again. It was like being in a washing machine with me, my skis and sticks rolling head over heels beneath the snow. I thought I might die. I tried to keep breathing but the snow was in my mouth and up my nose. I was using my arms in a fruitless attempt to swim to the surface but in truth, I did not know which way was up. When the avalanche hit, the wind was howling, and the snow was blowing.
After what seemed an eternity the moving mass of snow came to a stop I was buried below the surface.
I was breathless, exhausted, but thrilled to be alive. I felt I was lying on my back and was pleasantly surprised to see light above me through the snow, so I knew which way was up. At this point, my right arm was trapped under me and was very painful. But I could breathe as the snow was fresh and loose. I lay for some minutes getting my breath back and waiting for the others, with their electronic trackers, to find me and dig me out. Surprisingly no one came and I wondered if we had all been buried. I was beginning to get cold, so I decided to self-rescue and using my left arm dug up to the surface which was only a few feet above me. Moving more snow I sat up and looked up at the sun and blue sky. In a few minutes, I had been swept down hundreds of metres from a snowy ridge to a sunny spot below. I stood up and could see no one. My skis had been torn off but I had my rucksack so I could survive the night. My worry was a second avalanche so I decided to move on foot as fast as I could in the deep fresh snow. As I started, I saw one ski tip glinting in the sun so climbed back up to retrieve it. Then I set off downhill and caught sight of two of our Iranian porters and together we carried on down. One of the party arrived on skis and told me that some others had been hit by the avalanche, but no one else had been swept down the mountain and buried.
We soon came to the tree line and a track in the forest which we followed. We knew that we could not get down to our valley base at this slow walking speed but were unsure what to do. Luckily, we came across a small stone building in good condition which looked as though it belonged to the local water company as there was a dam nearby. The door was locked, but the padlock was no match for hungry men with ice axes and soon we were inside. There were two or three small rooms, all clean and tidy so the porters set up a stove and prepared a meal. I took some serious painkillers, washed down with sweet mint tea, and stretched out my sleeping bag on a good quality carpet below a large framed picture of Ayatollah Khomeini.
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November 2022 200 Club Winners
Parish News – 2022 Review
2022 REVIEW
On behalf of Vicar Lyndon and the Wardens Carol and Sandra and the congregation we wish all readers of “What’s On” a very Happy New Year.
Looking back into 2022 we knew that the year was going to be a difficult one. The advertisement for a new priest was in the press and on-line and we were trying to build up the congregation after the lockdowns in the COVID pandemic. The good news is that we survived. We welcomed Vicar Lyndon and his wife Chris into our community and we continue to spread the Good News, bringing the love of Jesus to all in the Ministry Area of De Morgannwg.
There have been a number of changes within the church. We were formed into a Ministry Area, called De Morgannwg, which brought nine churches together; how this will work is still being worked out. Bishop June has retired and the Electoral College will shortly be meeting to elect her successor. They have a new Dean at Llandaff Cathedral, our old Area Deanery of Penarth and Barry has been combined with that of the East Vale Group of churches, and we will now be in the Archdeaconry of Margam with a new Archdeacon to work alongside. So 2023 is full of possibilities for growth in fellowship and growth in each congregation getting to know each for the better. Where there is a fifth Sunday in the month, St.Mary’s, St Bleddians and St. John’s will hold a combined Eucharist service at 10.00 am and the first of these will be hosted by St. John’s in Sully on January 29th.
The Season of Advent has been well attended, with the lighting of the Advent Candles, Sunday by Sunday to mark the progression towards Christmas. The Toy Sunday brought a huge range of toys for donation to the Barry Food Bank, together with lots of Christmas Goodies alongside the gifts of more basic items requested by the Food Bank as they try to relieve the many difficulties families are facing during this winter.
The Advent Light up Your windows has been another great success for the variety of themes chosen to bring light into our streets during these dark cold nights. Congratulations to the organisers and thanks go to those who have created some amazing displays, especially the Wenvoe Primary School for their illuminated gazebo and star plus the School Choir singing in the cold frosty air. The last “window” on Christmas Eve in the churchyard was followed by a short service in a warm church with yet more carols and readings enjoyed by children, their mums and dads and grandparents alike.
Our Christmas programme of Carol Services began on Sunday afternoon the 11th December at St. Bleddian’s church which despite the cold freezing weather, was a warm friendly event, so appreciated by those who came and the mulled wine and mince pies were very welcome following the service. The Community Carol Service at St. Mary’s on
Wednesday evening 14th December in candlelight and lower levels of our LED lighting system, brought the representatives of organisations in the village together for the Nine Lessons and Carols followed by mulled wine and mince pies courtesy of the Wenvoe Community Council. A collection was taken during the service for Ty Hafan, the children’s hospice at Sully which came to £425.25, a wonderful response for a very worthy cause. The First Eucharist of Christmas was celebrated at St. Mary’s at 7.00 pm with Vicar Lyndon presiding, and was well attended in candlelight and using one of the settings on our LED lighting system.
During December there has been a renewed interest in the Ancient Yew tree in the churchyard. It really is ancient in the number of years it has been growing and leaning towards the side of the road. Whilst it is difficult to assess the age by the normal methods used to age trees, the tree is thought to be in the range of 700-800 years old and, among the many treasures we have, this is our only living treasure, and could well pre-date the building of the first stone church. The first mention we have of the tree, is of a survey carried out in 1833 when it is recorded that it was leaning towards the road but surrounded by a low stone wall. It is a healthy tree bearing its red berries year by year and well deserves the respect which countless generations over the years have given it.
Looking ahead into 2023, the main event will be the coronation of King Charles III and Queen Camilla on the 6th May and St. Mary’s will play its part in the village celebrations on that Bank Holiday weekend. No plans being made at the moment, but watch this space.
The Chattery will be meeting on January 12th at 10.30 am in the Church Hall with coffee/tea, posh biscuits and a FREE raffle. A warm place to enjoy each other’s company and catch up on news for a modest £2.00. All welcome.
Looking back at our Remembrance Sunday service, the collection taken in church came to £353.57 which was donated to the work of the Royal British Legion for the relief of suffering for our armed services as a result of war injuries.
With every good wish for the year ahead from everyone at St. Mary’s
Parry Edwards
Wenvoe Village Hall Christmas Raffle
WENVOE VILLAGE HALL CHRISTMAS RAFFLE
The Village Hall Management Committee would like to thank everyone who kindly donated prizes to this raffle and to the people who support us by buying and selling of the tickets. All money raised through the raffle contributes to the on-going insurance, maintenance and daily running costs of the Hall which is primarily for the use of the villagers. We thank you all and wish you Good Health and a Happy and Prosperous New Year.
What’s On Articles
WHAT’S ON ARTICLES
Would you like to place an article in your magazine. Remember there is no charge for articles, congratu-lation messages, the sale of items by local residents etc.
It would be extremely helpful to the editors if items are sent to both editors e-mails
ianmoody029@gmail.com
and
hilarythomas1@btopenworld.com
If you have no method of sending us an electronic message then your submission can be placed in the What’s On box in the village shop.
Place-Names Derivation – Llwyneliddon / St Lythans
THE DERIVATION AND MEANING OF PLACE-NAMES
LLWYNELIDDON / ST LYTHANS
The Welsh name is made up of two elements – ‘llwyn’ and ‘Eliddon’. ‘Llwyn’ is the Welsh word for ‘grove’ or ‘copse’ and the second element ‘Eliddon’’ is the name of the saint to whom an earlier church was dedicated. So ‘Llwyneliddon’ literally means ‘the grove of Eliddon’. There are examples in some manuscripts of the name being recorded as ‘Llaneliddon’(Church of Eliddon) – but there is no concrete evidence that ‘llwyn’ was mistakenly written for ‘llan’.
The English name ‘St Lythan’s’ is merely the Anglicised form of the name, Sant Eliddon.
But the present church in the village is not dedicated to St Eliddon, of whom very little is known, but to St Bleddian (or Bleiddian) – again of whom very little is known. At one time, the village was known as Llanfleddian Fach (The church of Bleddian) – the adjective ‘fach’ (minor) being added to differentiate it from Llanfleddian Fawr (Major) – which, as you know is situated near Cowbridge – nowadays spelt Llanblethian.
TWYNYRODYN The name comprises three ele-ments – ‘Twyn’, ‘yr’ and ‘Odyn’. ‘Twyn’ is a common Welsh noun meaning ‘knoll’ or ‘hill’ and ‘odyn’ means ‘limekiln’. Between these two nouns we have the definite article ‘yr’, which normally translates as ‘the’. But when it stands between two nouns, it conveys ‘of the’. So, ‘Twynyrodyn’ trans-lates as ‘Hill of the limekiln’. There is an area of the same name at Lavernock and at Merthyr Tudful.
LLANCARFAN The name consists of two elements – ‘Llan’- which you now know means ‘church’ – and ‘Carfan’, which is the name of the nearby stream or brook. There is no certainty about the meaning of ‘carfan’. It could be a personal name – or it could mean ‘ridge’ – referring to a boundary of some kind. An earlier form of the place-name was Nant Carfan – ‘nant’ meaning ‘stream’ or ‘valley of the stream’.
TRESIMWN / BONVILSTON Both the Welsh and English names of this village are based on the name of the Norman family which settled in the area in the 12th Century. The village is probably named after Simon de Bonville.
The Welsh name, ‘Tresimwn’ is made up of the pre-fix ‘Tre’, which you now know means ‘homestead’ of ‘settlement’ – followed by the Christian name Simwn.
On the other hand, the English name ‘Bonvilston’ uses another part of the family name, ‘Bonvil’ followed by the suffix ‘ton’, again meaning ‘farmstead’ or ‘settlement’.
ABERDDAWAN / ABERTHAW Again, we see that there are two elements in the Welsh name ‘Aberddawan’ – ‘aber’, meaning ‘estuary’ in this instance followed by the name of the river – ‘Ddawan’. Historic manuscripts show that the original name of the river was ‘Naddawan’ – but the un-Stressed first syllable was lost, to give us ‘Ddawan’ today. I have mentioned previously that river names are among the oldest examples of all languages – and this is true in this case. The meaning of ‘Ddawan’ or originally ‘Naddawan’ is uncertain – unless it is based on the Welsh verb ‘naddu’, which means ‘to cut’ or ‘to hew’ or ‘to whittle’. This could then describe the river cutting through the land-scape. But this is all surmising.
The English name, ‘Aberthaw’ is the Anglicisation of the name ‘Ddawan’ – the unstressed final syllable having disappeared – leaving us with ‘Thaw’ as the name of the river.
TREBEFERED / BOVERTON You’ll notice that we have the now familiar elements ‘Tre / -ton’ – meaning ‘farmstead’ or ‘settlement’ – in the Welsh and English names. This leaves us with ‘Befered’ in Welsh and ‘Bover’ in English. These are derived from the name of someone named Bouvier – but nothing is known of a person of that name.
Next month – Some Cardiff suburbs.
Ann M. Jones
Letterboxes
LETTERBOXES
When did you last test your letterbox?
It is surprising how difficult it is to use some house-hold letter boxes. Some have springs that will take your fingers off if you are not careful, draft protec-tors which are almost impossible to push items through, boxes mounted so high on an external wall you almost need a step ladder to use. A household pet that snatches the item from you and your fingers if not smartly removed.
Why not test your box NOW. Take this magazine and go and post it through your letter box. Was it easy to post? Try it again; maybe you were lucky the first time. While you are there try a single piece of paper, a real test for any box. If there was no problem – congratulations. If you did hit a snag try and resolve it for the sake of all the people who have to make use of it. Think of your postman, your What’s On magazine deliverer etc.